Contents
Overview
This page contains notes about EFM decoding research. It will (hopefully) become more organised as the work progresses.
IEC 60857 and 60856 (Amendment 2)
The digital audio signal is optional for LaserDiscs and the encoding format is specified in detail by IEC 60908 (Audio recording – Compact disc digital audio system).
EFM Signal modulation onto LaserDiscs
The EFM signal (prior to modulation) is filtered by a low-pass filter and then a high-pass filter. The digital signal is a symmetrical double edge pulse width modulated onto the main carrier and recorded onto the disk. The level of the modulated EFM signal in the recorded frequency spectrum shall be -27 dB ± 1 dB with respect to the unmodulated main carrier when no audio signal is present during digital silence.
The following list shows the frequency response of the required low-pass filter:
- Up to 1.6 MHz ±0.5 dB (ref. 0.5 MHz)
- 1.75 MHz (-3 ± 0.5) dB
- 2 MHz (-26 ± 2) dB
- >2.3 MHz < -50 dB
The following list shows the required group delay (pre-distortion) of the low-pass filter:
- <0.5 MHz (0 ± 20) ns (ref. 0.5 MHz)
- 0.8 MHz (-50 ± 20) ns
- 1 MHz (-100 ± 50) ns
- 1.2 MHz (-180 ± 50) ns
- 1.4 MHz (-350 ± 75) ns
The requirements for the high-pass filter are shown in the following diagram:
Block error rate (BLER)
The block error rate averaged over 10s shall be ≤ 8 x 10-2 with a recommendation of ≤ 3 x 10-2.
Sample rate
The NTSC audio sample frequency shall be:
FH is the line frequency corresponding to the video signal (60 Hz/525 lines - M/NTSC system).
The PAL audio sample frequency shall be:
FH is the line frequency corresponding to the video signal (50 Hz/625 lines - PAL system).
Time delay compensation
The digital audio decoder delays the audio signal by 15.3ms, therefore it is recommended to advance the audio signals prior to modulation relative to the video signal.
Analogue audio levels
The levels of the analogue audio sub-carriers in the recorded frequency spectrum shall be -30 dB ± 1 dB with respect to the unmodulated main carrier
Polarity of modulation
The polarity of the audio modulation shall be such that MSB=0 of encoded data words in the EFM signal corresponds with a positive instantaneous frequency deviation of the analogue audio sub-carriers
LD EFM Deviation from IEC 60908
Sub-code
The sub-code is according to IEC 60908, clause 17, with the following modifications:
Change "0001: ADR 1, mode 1 for DATA-Q" to "0100: ADR 4, mode 4 for DATA-Q".
Change title "Mode 1 for DATA-Q" to "Mode 4 for DATA-Q". In the first line, change "ADR = 1 = 0001)" to "ADR = 4 = (0100)" and, in the third line, change "mode 1" to "mode 4".
Table of Contents (TOC)
The repetitive TOC shall be recorded in such a way that, at the end of the lead-in area, the table of content can be ended with any value of point.
The video system identification code shall be recorded according to IEC 60908-2 (12 cm CD-V).
For NTSC P frame is 12 = NTSC "LV disk" with digital stereo sound and P frame is 13 = NTSC "LV disk" with digital bilingual sound.
For PAL P frame is 22 = PAL "LV disk" with digital stereo sound and P frame is 23 = PAL "LV disk" with digital bilingual sound.
The following shall be in accordance to the LaserDisc standard:
- Start of CD lead-in sub-code
- Length of CD lead-in sub-code
- Start of CD lead-out sub-code in accordance with start lead-out code
- Length of CD lead-out sub-code
Relationship of track number (CD TNO) and LaserDisc chapter number
The chapter numbers shall be present in the video programme area. They should start with chapter "0" or "1" or a pre-set number of a previous disk with the same programme content. If they start with chapter "0", the length of chapter "0" area should be within 1 min.
The track number (TNO) in CD shall be the same as the chapter number in LV with the exception of chapter "0" (see 13.6.3.1), chapter "0" is then a part of track number "1".
The maximum track number CD in LV is 79.
The minimum length of a track (chapter) shall conform to the LaserDisc standard.
IEC 60908 notes
The lowest fundamental frequency of the modulation code is 196 kHz which corresponds to T(max). The peak-to-peak value of this component is A(11) and the peak value of the corresponding high-frequency signal before high-pass filtering is A(top). The highest fundamental frequency of the modulation code is 720 kHz which corresponds to T(min). Its peak-to-peak amplitude is A(3). See the following diagram for details:
Pioneer LD-V4300D EFM out port
The Pioneer LD-V4300D provides an EFM out port which may provide clues and data about the EFM signal. Notes about the player are included here.
Physical connection
The physical connection is a 5 pin DIN connector as shown in the following diagram:
This pin-out translates to a male 5 pin DIN as shown in the following picture:
Circuit schematics
The raw RF output from the player's laser is fed to a filter circuit shown in the following diagram:
The RF signal enters the circuit from the top left and exits from the bottom right. The filtered signal is then fed to the output stage shown in the following schematic:
The test traces (indicated by 4 and 5 in the schematic diagrams above) are as follows:
Oscilloscope traces of EFM output
The following diagram shows the eye pattern produced by the LD-V4300D's EFM output signal which is 200mV P-P:
The following diagram shows a FFT analysis of the EFM output (note that the scale is mV rather than dB for clarity):
As can be seen in the FFT the majority of the signal energy is present in the expected range of 196 to 720 KHz.
EFM 14-bit to decimal conversion
The following C/C++ code snippet provides a look up table from a number (array position) to the 14-bit EFM code:
// The following table provides the 14-bit EFM code (padded with leading
// zeros to 16-bit) corresponding to 0 to 255. The represented number is
// given by the position in the array (i.e. position 0 = EFM code for
// decimal 0 and so on).
const quint16 efm2number[] = {
0x1220, 0x2100, 0x2420, 0x2220, 0x1100, 0x0110, 0x0420, 0x0900, // 8
0x1240, 0x2040, 0x2440, 0x2240, 0x1040, 0x0040, 0x0440, 0x0840, // 16
0x2020, 0x2080, 0x2480, 0x0820, 0x1080, 0x0080, 0x0480, 0x0880, // 24
0x1210, 0x2010, 0x2410, 0x2210, 0x1010, 0x0210, 0x0410, 0x0810, // 32
0x0020, 0x2108, 0x0220, 0x0920, 0x1108, 0x0108, 0x1020, 0x0908, // 40
0x1248, 0x2048, 0x2448, 0x2248, 0x1048, 0x0048, 0x0448, 0x0848, // 48
0x0100, 0x2088, 0x2488, 0x2110, 0x1088, 0x0088, 0x0488, 0x0888, // 56
0x1208, 0x2008, 0x2408, 0x2208, 0x1008, 0x0208, 0x0408, 0x0808, // 64
0x1224, 0x2124, 0x2424, 0x2224, 0x1124, 0x0024, 0x0424, 0x0924, // 72
0x1244, 0x2044, 0x2444, 0x2244, 0x1044, 0x0044, 0x0444, 0x0844, // 80
0x2024, 0x2084, 0x2484, 0x0824, 0x1084, 0x0084, 0x0484, 0x0884, // 88
0x1204, 0x2004, 0x2404, 0x2204, 0x1004, 0x0204, 0x0404, 0x0804, // 96
0x1222, 0x2122, 0x2422, 0x2222, 0x1122, 0x0022, 0x1024, 0x0922, // 104
0x1242, 0x2042, 0x2442, 0x2242, 0x1042, 0x0042, 0x0442, 0x0842, // 112
0x2022, 0x2082, 0x2482, 0x0822, 0x1082, 0x0082, 0x0482, 0x0882, // 120
0x1202, 0x0248, 0x2402, 0x2202, 0x1002, 0x0202, 0x0402, 0x0802, // 128
0x1221, 0x2121, 0x2421, 0x2221, 0x1121, 0x0021, 0x0421, 0x0921, // 136
0x1241, 0x2041, 0x2441, 0x2241, 0x1041, 0x0041, 0x0441, 0x0841, // 144
0x2021, 0x2081, 0x2481, 0x0821, 0x1081, 0x0081, 0x0481, 0x0881, // 152
0x1201, 0x2090, 0x2401, 0x2201, 0x1090, 0x0201, 0x0401, 0x0890, // 160
0x0221, 0x2109, 0x1110, 0x0121, 0x1109, 0x0109, 0x1021, 0x0909, // 168
0x1249, 0x2049, 0x2449, 0x2249, 0x1049, 0x0049, 0x0449, 0x0849, // 176
0x0120, 0x2089, 0x2489, 0x0910, 0x1089, 0x0089, 0x0489, 0x0889, // 184
0x1209, 0x2009, 0x2409, 0x2209, 0x1009, 0x0209, 0x0409, 0x0809, // 192
0x1120, 0x2111, 0x2490, 0x0224, 0x1111, 0x0111, 0x0490, 0x0911, // 200
0x0241, 0x2101, 0x0244, 0x0240, 0x1101, 0x0101, 0x0090, 0x0901, // 208
0x0124, 0x2091, 0x2491, 0x2120, 0x1091, 0x0091, 0x0491, 0x0891, // 216
0x1211, 0x2011, 0x2411, 0x2211, 0x1011, 0x0211, 0x0411, 0x0811, // 224
0x1102, 0x0102, 0x2112, 0x0902, 0x1112, 0x0112, 0x1022, 0x0912, // 232
0x2102, 0x2104, 0x0249, 0x0242, 0x1104, 0x0104, 0x0422, 0x0904, // 240
0x0122, 0x2092, 0x2492, 0x0222, 0x1092, 0x0092, 0x0492, 0x0892, // 248
0x1212, 0x2012, 0x2412, 0x2212, 0x1012, 0x0212, 0x0412, 0x0812 // 256
};LD-V4300D EFM Filter analysis
The following schematic diagram shows the recreation of the player's EFM filter used to perform analysis. Note the position and number of the test-points (used for the graphs below):
The following graph shows the linear frequency response of the filter between 50KHz and 5.5MHz:
The following graph shows the phase response of the filter from TP4:
CD Sector descrambling
ECMA-130 Annex B describes a requirement for scrambling and descrambling CD Mode 1 sector data. This scrambling is based on a bit-wise operation involving two XOR gates and a 15-bit wide shift-register.
This type of bit-wise operation is computationally expensive in software however, due to the preset used in the shift register, the actual action of the descrambler is repeated every sector. This means it can be represented as a look-up table.
The look-up table groups the 8 values of the XOR gate output together for each bit of the 2352 byte sector; therefore the table can be applied by simply performing a byte-wise XOR with each byte of sector data (this will both scramble and descramble data). The table can be generated by the following Qt C++ code:
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QDebug>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
uchar scrambleTable[2352];
qint32 tablePointer = 0;
// The 12 sync bytes are not changed
for (qint32 i = 0; i < 12; i++) scrambleTable[tablePointer++] = 0x00;
// Descramble the input data according to ECMA-130 Annex B
// and store as an F1 frame
quint16 shiftRegister = 0x0001; // 15-bits wide (0x0001 is the preset value)
uchar tableValue;
for (qint32 byteC = 12; byteC < 2352; byteC++) {
tableValue = 0;
for (qint32 bitC = 0; bitC < 8; bitC++) {
// Get the 1st and 2nd LSBs from the shift register
uchar s0 = ((shiftRegister) & (1 << 0)) ? 1 : 0;
uchar s1 = ((shiftRegister) & (1 << 1)) ? 1 : 0;
// Perform the XOR operation
uchar xor1Result = s0 ^ s1;
// Shift the register right by 1 bit
shiftRegister >>= 1;
// Push the XOR result into the MSB of the shift register
if (xor1Result != 0) shiftRegister += 16384; // Set bit 15
// Set the bit in the table byte
tableValue |= (s0 << bitC);
}
scrambleTable[byteC] = tableValue;
}
printf("static const uchar scrambleTable[2352] = {");
for (qint32 byteC = 0; byteC < 2352; byteC++) {
if ((byteC % 16) == 0) printf("\n\t");
printf("0x%02X", scrambleTable[byteC]);
if (byteC != 2351) printf(", ");
}
printf("\n}\n");
return 0;
}This code generates the following look up table:
static const uchar scrambleTable[2352] = {
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x80, 0x00, 0x60,
0x00, 0x28, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x80, 0x08, 0x60, 0x06, 0xA8, 0x02, 0xFE, 0x81, 0x80, 0x60, 0x60, 0x28,
0x28, 0x1E, 0x9E, 0x88, 0x68, 0x66, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0xFC, 0x7F, 0x01, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x48, 0x00, 0x36,
0x80, 0x16, 0xE0, 0x0E, 0xC8, 0x04, 0x56, 0x83, 0x7E, 0xE1, 0xE0, 0x48, 0x48, 0x36, 0xB6, 0x96,
0xF6, 0xEE, 0xC6, 0xCC, 0x52, 0xD5, 0xFD, 0x9F, 0x01, 0xA8, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x80, 0x20, 0x60, 0x18,
0x28, 0x0A, 0x9E, 0x87, 0x28, 0x62, 0x9E, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x7E, 0xFE, 0xA0, 0x40, 0x78, 0x30, 0x22,
0x94, 0x19, 0xAF, 0x4A, 0xFC, 0x37, 0x01, 0xD6, 0x80, 0x5E, 0xE0, 0x38, 0x48, 0x12, 0xB6, 0x8D,
0xB6, 0xE5, 0xB6, 0xCB, 0x36, 0xD7, 0x56, 0xDE, 0xBE, 0xD8, 0x70, 0x5A, 0xA4, 0x3B, 0x3B, 0x53,
0x53, 0x7D, 0xFD, 0xE1, 0x81, 0x88, 0x60, 0x66, 0xA8, 0x2A, 0xFE, 0x9F, 0x00, 0x68, 0x00, 0x2E,
0x80, 0x1C, 0x60, 0x09, 0xE8, 0x06, 0xCE, 0x82, 0xD4, 0x61, 0x9F, 0x68, 0x68, 0x2E, 0xAE, 0x9C,
0x7C, 0x69, 0xE1, 0xEE, 0xC8, 0x4C, 0x56, 0xB5, 0xFE, 0xF7, 0x00, 0x46, 0x80, 0x32, 0xE0, 0x15,
0x88, 0x0F, 0x26, 0x84, 0x1A, 0xE3, 0x4B, 0x09, 0xF7, 0x46, 0xC6, 0xB2, 0xD2, 0xF5, 0x9D, 0x87,
0x29, 0xA2, 0x9E, 0xF9, 0xA8, 0x42, 0xFE, 0xB1, 0x80, 0x74, 0x60, 0x27, 0x68, 0x1A, 0xAE, 0x8B,
0x3C, 0x67, 0x51, 0xEA, 0xBC, 0x4F, 0x31, 0xF4, 0x14, 0x47, 0x4F, 0x72, 0xB4, 0x25, 0xB7, 0x5B,
0x36, 0xBB, 0x56, 0xF3, 0x7E, 0xC5, 0xE0, 0x53, 0x08, 0x3D, 0xC6, 0x91, 0x92, 0xEC, 0x6D, 0x8D,
0xED, 0xA5, 0x8D, 0xBB, 0x25, 0xB3, 0x5B, 0x35, 0xFB, 0x57, 0x03, 0x7E, 0x81, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x48,
0x28, 0x36, 0x9E, 0x96, 0xE8, 0x6E, 0xCE, 0xAC, 0x54, 0x7D, 0xFF, 0x61, 0x80, 0x28, 0x60, 0x1E,
0xA8, 0x08, 0x7E, 0x86, 0xA0, 0x62, 0xF8, 0x29, 0x82, 0x9E, 0xE1, 0xA8, 0x48, 0x7E, 0xB6, 0xA0,
0x76, 0xF8, 0x26, 0xC2, 0x9A, 0xD1, 0xAB, 0x1C, 0x7F, 0x49, 0xE0, 0x36, 0xC8, 0x16, 0xD6, 0x8E,
0xDE, 0xE4, 0x58, 0x4B, 0x7A, 0xB7, 0x63, 0x36, 0xA9, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0xDE, 0xC0, 0x58, 0x50, 0x3A,
0xBC, 0x13, 0x31, 0xCD, 0xD4, 0x55, 0x9F, 0x7F, 0x28, 0x20, 0x1E, 0x98, 0x08, 0x6A, 0x86, 0xAF,
0x22, 0xFC, 0x19, 0x81, 0xCA, 0xE0, 0x57, 0x08, 0x3E, 0x86, 0x90, 0x62, 0xEC, 0x29, 0x8D, 0xDE,
0xE5, 0x98, 0x4B, 0x2A, 0xB7, 0x5F, 0x36, 0xB8, 0x16, 0xF2, 0x8E, 0xC5, 0xA4, 0x53, 0x3B, 0x7D,
0xD3, 0x61, 0x9D, 0xE8, 0x69, 0x8E, 0xAE, 0xE4, 0x7C, 0x4B, 0x61, 0xF7, 0x68, 0x46, 0xAE, 0xB2,
0xFC, 0x75, 0x81, 0xE7, 0x20, 0x4A, 0x98, 0x37, 0x2A, 0x96, 0x9F, 0x2E, 0xE8, 0x1C, 0x4E, 0x89,
0xF4, 0x66, 0xC7, 0x6A, 0xD2, 0xAF, 0x1D, 0xBC, 0x09, 0xB1, 0xC6, 0xF4, 0x52, 0xC7, 0x7D, 0x92,
0xA1, 0xAD, 0xB8, 0x7D, 0xB2, 0xA1, 0xB5, 0xB8, 0x77, 0x32, 0xA6, 0x95, 0xBA, 0xEF, 0x33, 0x0C,
0x15, 0xC5, 0xCF, 0x13, 0x14, 0x0D, 0xCF, 0x45, 0x94, 0x33, 0x2F, 0x55, 0xDC, 0x3F, 0x19, 0xD0,
0x0A, 0xDC, 0x07, 0x19, 0xC2, 0x8A, 0xD1, 0xA7, 0x1C, 0x7A, 0x89, 0xE3, 0x26, 0xC9, 0xDA, 0xD6,
0xDB, 0x1E, 0xDB, 0x48, 0x5B, 0x76, 0xBB, 0x66, 0xF3, 0x6A, 0xC5, 0xEF, 0x13, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0xC5,
0xC5, 0x93, 0x13, 0x2D, 0xCD, 0xDD, 0x95, 0x99, 0xAF, 0x2A, 0xFC, 0x1F, 0x01, 0xC8, 0x00, 0x56,
0x80, 0x3E, 0xE0, 0x10, 0x48, 0x0C, 0x36, 0x85, 0xD6, 0xE3, 0x1E, 0xC9, 0xC8, 0x56, 0xD6, 0xBE,
0xDE, 0xF0, 0x58, 0x44, 0x3A, 0xB3, 0x53, 0x35, 0xFD, 0xD7, 0x01, 0x9E, 0x80, 0x68, 0x60, 0x2E,
0xA8, 0x1C, 0x7E, 0x89, 0xE0, 0x66, 0xC8, 0x2A, 0xD6, 0x9F, 0x1E, 0xE8, 0x08, 0x4E, 0x86, 0xB4,
0x62, 0xF7, 0x69, 0x86, 0xAE, 0xE2, 0xFC, 0x49, 0x81, 0xF6, 0xE0, 0x46, 0xC8, 0x32, 0xD6, 0x95,
0x9E, 0xEF, 0x28, 0x4C, 0x1E, 0xB5, 0xC8, 0x77, 0x16, 0xA6, 0x8E, 0xFA, 0xE4, 0x43, 0x0B, 0x71,
0xC7, 0x64, 0x52, 0xAB, 0x7D, 0xBF, 0x61, 0xB0, 0x28, 0x74, 0x1E, 0xA7, 0x48, 0x7A, 0xB6, 0xA3,
0x36, 0xF9, 0xD6, 0xC2, 0xDE, 0xD1, 0x98, 0x5C, 0x6A, 0xB9, 0xEF, 0x32, 0xCC, 0x15, 0x95, 0xCF,
0x2F, 0x14, 0x1C, 0x0F, 0x49, 0xC4, 0x36, 0xD3, 0x56, 0xDD, 0xFE, 0xD9, 0x80, 0x5A, 0xE0, 0x3B,
0x08, 0x13, 0x46, 0x8D, 0xF2, 0xE5, 0x85, 0x8B, 0x23, 0x27, 0x59, 0xDA, 0xBA, 0xDB, 0x33, 0x1B,
0x55, 0xCB, 0x7F, 0x17, 0x60, 0x0E, 0xA8, 0x04, 0x7E, 0x83, 0x60, 0x61, 0xE8, 0x28, 0x4E, 0x9E,
0xB4, 0x68, 0x77, 0x6E, 0xA6, 0xAC, 0x7A, 0xFD, 0xE3, 0x01, 0x89, 0xC0, 0x66, 0xD0, 0x2A, 0xDC,
0x1F, 0x19, 0xC8, 0x0A, 0xD6, 0x87, 0x1E, 0xE2, 0x88, 0x49, 0xA6, 0xB6, 0xFA, 0xF6, 0xC3, 0x06,
0xD1, 0xC2, 0xDC, 0x51, 0x99, 0xFC, 0x6A, 0xC1, 0xEF, 0x10, 0x4C, 0x0C, 0x35, 0xC5, 0xD7, 0x13,
0x1E, 0x8D, 0xC8, 0x65, 0x96, 0xAB, 0x2E, 0xFF, 0x5C, 0x40, 0x39, 0xF0, 0x12, 0xC4, 0x0D, 0x93,
0x45, 0xAD, 0xF3, 0x3D, 0x85, 0xD1, 0xA3, 0x1C, 0x79, 0xC9, 0xE2, 0xD6, 0xC9, 0x9E, 0xD6, 0xE8,
0x5E, 0xCE, 0xB8, 0x54, 0x72, 0xBF, 0x65, 0xB0, 0x2B, 0x34, 0x1F, 0x57, 0x48, 0x3E, 0xB6, 0x90,
0x76, 0xEC, 0x26, 0xCD, 0xDA, 0xD5, 0x9B, 0x1F, 0x2B, 0x48, 0x1F, 0x76, 0x88, 0x26, 0xE6, 0x9A,
0xCA, 0xEB, 0x17, 0x0F, 0x4E, 0x84, 0x34, 0x63, 0x57, 0x69, 0xFE, 0xAE, 0xC0, 0x7C, 0x50, 0x21,
0xFC, 0x18, 0x41, 0xCA, 0xB0, 0x57, 0x34, 0x3E, 0x97, 0x50, 0x6E, 0xBC, 0x2C, 0x71, 0xDD, 0xE4,
0x59, 0x8B, 0x7A, 0xE7, 0x63, 0x0A, 0xA9, 0xC7, 0x3E, 0xD2, 0x90, 0x5D, 0xAC, 0x39, 0xBD, 0xD2,
0xF1, 0x9D, 0x84, 0x69, 0xA3, 0x6E, 0xF9, 0xEC, 0x42, 0xCD, 0xF1, 0x95, 0x84, 0x6F, 0x23, 0x6C,
0x19, 0xED, 0xCA, 0xCD, 0x97, 0x15, 0xAE, 0x8F, 0x3C, 0x64, 0x11, 0xEB, 0x4C, 0x4F, 0x75, 0xF4,
0x27, 0x07, 0x5A, 0x82, 0xBB, 0x21, 0xB3, 0x58, 0x75, 0xFA, 0xA7, 0x03, 0x3A, 0x81, 0xD3, 0x20,
0x5D, 0xD8, 0x39, 0x9A, 0x92, 0xEB, 0x2D, 0x8F, 0x5D, 0xA4, 0x39, 0xBB, 0x52, 0xF3, 0x7D, 0x85,
0xE1, 0xA3, 0x08, 0x79, 0xC6, 0xA2, 0xD2, 0xF9, 0x9D, 0x82, 0xE9, 0xA1, 0x8E, 0xF8, 0x64, 0x42,
0xAB, 0x71, 0xBF, 0x64, 0x70, 0x2B, 0x64, 0x1F, 0x6B, 0x48, 0x2F, 0x76, 0x9C, 0x26, 0xE9, 0xDA,
0xCE, 0xDB, 0x14, 0x5B, 0x4F, 0x7B, 0x74, 0x23, 0x67, 0x59, 0xEA, 0xBA, 0xCF, 0x33, 0x14, 0x15,
0xCF, 0x4F, 0x14, 0x34, 0x0F, 0x57, 0x44, 0x3E, 0xB3, 0x50, 0x75, 0xFC, 0x27, 0x01, 0xDA, 0x80,
0x5B, 0x20, 0x3B, 0x58, 0x13, 0x7A, 0x8D, 0xE3, 0x25, 0x89, 0xDB, 0x26, 0xDB, 0x5A, 0xDB, 0x7B,
0x1B, 0x63, 0x4B, 0x69, 0xF7, 0x6E, 0xC6, 0xAC, 0x52, 0xFD, 0xFD, 0x81, 0x81, 0xA0, 0x60, 0x78,
0x28, 0x22, 0x9E, 0x99, 0xA8, 0x6A, 0xFE, 0xAF, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x21, 0xC0, 0x18, 0x50, 0x0A,
0xBC, 0x07, 0x31, 0xC2, 0x94, 0x51, 0xAF, 0x7C, 0x7C, 0x21, 0xE1, 0xD8, 0x48, 0x5A, 0xB6, 0xBB,
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